1903 – 1989

Born in Altenberg, Austria
MD from the University of Vienna in 1928
Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Munich, 1936
Austrian Zoologist and Ethologist
Established the science of ethology

Awarded the Nobel Laureate in Physiology and Medicine in 1973 for his studies concerning the organization of individual and group behavior patterns.

Laid the foundation of an evolutionary approach to mind and cognition

Seminal work: On Aggression (translated 1966), The Foundations of Ethology (1981; originally published in German, 1978)